print("Hello, World!")

print("Hello!")        # print text
print(123)             # print a number
print(3.14)            # print a decimal
print(True)            # print True or False

print("My name is", "Alex", "!")
print("I am", 10, "years old")

# sep: change what goes between values (default: space)
print("apple", "banana", "grape", sep=" / ")

# end: change what goes at the end (default: newline)
print("Hello", end="! ")
print("I am Python!")

name = "Alex"
age = 11
print(f"Hi! My name is {name} and I am {age} years old!")

name = "Alex"          # store a name
age = 10               # store age
height = 140.5         # store height
is_student = True      # store True or False

print(name)
print(age)
print(height)
print(is_student)

# Check the type with type()
print(type("Hello"))   # <class 'str'>
print(type(10))        # <class 'int'>
print(type(3.14))      # <class 'float'>
print(type(True))      # <class 'bool'>

score = 0
print("Start:", score)      # 0

score = 100
print("After:", score)      # 100

score = score + 10          # add 10 to current value
print("Final:", score)      # 110

print(5 + 3)    # 8
print(10 - 4)   # 6
print(3 * 4)    # 12
print(10 / 4)   # 2.5
print(10 // 3)  # 3  (drops the decimal)
print(10 % 3)   # 1  (remainder of 10 ÷ 3)
print(2 ** 10)  # 1024 (2 to the power of 10)

price = 2       # price of one candy (dollars)
count = 5       # number of candies
total = price * count

print("Total:", total, "dollars")
print(f"Buying {count} candies costs ${total}!")

name = input("What is your name? ")
print("Hello,", name, "!")

# Getting a number
num1 = int(input("First number: "))
num2 = int(input("Second number: "))
print("Sum:", num1 + num2)

str(10)         # number → string: "10"
int("123")      # string → integer: 123
float("3.14")   # string → decimal: 3.14
int(3.7)        # decimal → integer: 3 (decimal dropped!)

temperature = 95   # degrees Fahrenheit

if temperature > 85:
    print("It's really hot outside! ☀️")
    print("Stay hydrated!")

money = 3   # dollars

if money >= 5:
    print("You can buy the toy! 🧸")
else:
    print("Not enough money. You need $2 more. 😢")

score = 85

if score >= 90:
    print("Grade A! Amazing! ⭐⭐⭐")
elif score >= 80:
    print("Grade B! Great job! ⭐⭐")
elif score >= 70:
    print("Grade C! Keep it up! ⭐")
else:
    print("Keep studying! You can do it! 💪")

age = 12
height = 55   # inches

# and: BOTH must be True
if age >= 10 and height >= 54:
    print("You can ride! 🎢")

# or: AT LEAST ONE must be True
if age >= 15 or height >= 54:
    print("One condition is met!")

# not: flips True to False (and False to True)
is_raining = False
if not is_raining:
    print("No umbrella needed! ☀️")

for i in range(5):
    print(i, "- Hello!")

# Times tables: 3's
for i in range(1, 10):
    print(f"3 × {i} = {3 * i}")

count = 1
while count <= 5:
    print(count, "- Go!")
    count += 1     # same as: count = count + 1

# break: exit the loop immediately
for i in range(10):
    if i == 5:
        break       # stop at 5!
    print(i, end=" ")
# Output: 0 1 2 3 4

print()  # new line

# continue: skip this round, move to next
for i in range(10):
    if i % 2 == 0:
        continue    # skip even numbers
    print(i, end=" ")
# Output: 1 3 5 7 9

# Define the function
def greet():
    print("Hello! 👋")
    print("Welcome to the Python world!")

# Call (use) the function
greet()
greet()   # call it again!

def greet(name):
    print(f"Hello, {name}! Nice to meet you! 😊")

greet("Alex")
greet("Emma")
greet("Liam")

def add(a, b):
    result = a + b
    return result      # send the answer back!

answer = add(5, 3)     # store the returned value
print(answer)          # 8

print(add(10, 20))     # 30
print(add(100, 200))   # 300

def introduce(name, age, hobby):
    print(f"Name:  {name}")
    print(f"Age:   {age}")
    print(f"Hobby: {hobby}")
    print("---")

introduce("Alex",  11, "Soccer ⚽")
introduce("Emma",  10, "Drawing 🎨")

numbers = [5, 2, 8, 1, 9, 3]

print(len(numbers))    # 6    (count)
print(max(numbers))    # 9    (largest)
print(min(numbers))    # 1    (smallest)
print(sum(numbers))    # 28   (total)

print(abs(-10))        # 10   (absolute value)
print(round(3.7))      # 4    (rounded)

fruits  = ["apple", "banana", "strawberry", "grape"]
scores  = [90, 85, 78, 92, 88]
mixed   = ["Alex", 11, True, 3.14]   # different types OK!

print(fruits)
print(scores)

fruits = ["apple", "banana", "strawberry", "grape"]
#  index:     0         1           2          3

print(fruits[0])    # apple      (first)
print(fruits[1])    # banana     (second)
print(fruits[-1])   # grape      (last)
print(fruits[-2])   # strawberry (second from last)

fruits = ["apple", "banana"]

fruits.append("strawberry")       # add to end
print(fruits)   # ['apple', 'banana', 'strawberry']

fruits.insert(1, "grape")         # insert at index 1
print(fruits)   # ['apple', 'grape', 'banana', 'strawberry']

fruits.remove("banana")           # remove by value
print(fruits)   # ['apple', 'grape', 'strawberry']

print(len(fruits))                # 3 (count items)
fruits.sort()                     # sort alphabetically
print(fruits)   # ['apple', 'grape', 'strawberry']

fruits = ["apple", "banana", "strawberry", "grape"]

for fruit in fruits:
    print(fruit, "is yummy! 😋")

# With index numbers
for i, fruit in enumerate(fruits):
    print(f"{i+1}. {fruit}")

list1 = [1, 2, 3]
list2 = [4, 5, 6]

combined = list1 + list2
print(combined)   # [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]

zeros = [0] * 5
print(zeros)      # [0, 0, 0, 0, 0]

size = 5
for i in range(1, size + 1):
    print("⭐" * i)

number = int(input("Which times table? "))

print(f"\n{'='*15}")
print(f"  {number} Times Table")
print(f"{'='*15}")
for i in range(1, 10):
    print(f"  {number} × {i:1} = {number * i:2}")

import random    # load the random module

secret = random.randint(1, 10)   # random number 1–10
attempts = 0

print("🎮 Number Guessing Game!")
print("I'm thinking of a number between 1 and 10!\n")

while True:
    guess = int(input("Your guess: "))
    attempts += 1

    if guess < secret:
        print("Too low! ⬆️")
    elif guess > secret:
        print("Too high! ⬇️")
    else:
        print(f"\n🎉 Correct! You got it in {attempts} tries!")
        break

subjects = ["Math", "English", "Science", "History", "Art"]
scores = []

print("=== 📊 Grade Calculator ===\n")
for subject in subjects:
    score = int(input(f"{subject} score: "))
    scores.append(score)

total   = sum(scores)
average = total / len(scores)

print(f"\n{'='*20}")
print(f"Total:   {total} pts")
print(f"Average: {average:.1f} pts")
print(f"{'='*20}")

if average >= 90:
    print("🏆 Outstanding! Amazing work!")
elif average >= 80:
    print("👍 Great job! Keep it up!")
elif average >= 70:
    print("📚 Good effort! Keep studying!")
else:
    print("💪 Don't give up! You can do it!")

def calculator(a, op, b):
    if op == "+":
        return a + b
    elif op == "-":
        return a - b
    elif op == "*":
        return a * b
    elif op == "/":
        if b == 0:
            return "Can't divide by zero!"
        return a / b
    else:
        return "Unknown operator!"

# Test it!
print(calculator(10, "+", 5))   # 15
print(calculator(10, "-", 3))   # 7
print(calculator(4,  "*", 6))   # 24
print(calculator(15, "/", 3))   # 5.0
print(calculator(10, "/", 0))   # Can't divide by zero!

import random

choices = ["Rock", "Paper", "Scissors"]
win_count = 0
lose_count = 0
draw_count = 0

print("🎮 Rock Paper Scissors!")
print("First to win 3 rounds wins!\n")

while True:
    print("1:Rock  2:Paper  3:Scissors  0:Quit")
    user_input = int(input("Your choice: "))

    if user_input == 0:
        print("Game over!")
        break

    if user_input not in [1, 2, 3]:
        print("Please choose 1, 2, or 3!\n")
        continue

    user     = choices[user_input - 1]
    computer = random.choice(choices)

    print(f"\n🙋 You:      {user}")
    print(f"🤖 Computer: {computer}")

    if user == computer:
        print("😐 It's a draw!")
        draw_count += 1
    elif (user == "Scissors" and computer == "Paper") or \
         (user == "Rock"     and computer == "Scissors") or \
         (user == "Paper"    and computer == "Rock"):
        print("🎉 You win!")
        win_count += 1
    else:
        print("😢 You lose...")
        lose_count += 1

    print(f"Score: {win_count}W {lose_count}L {draw_count}D\n")

    if win_count == 3:
        print("🏆 3 wins! You're amazing!")
        break
    elif lose_count == 3:
        print("💪 3 losses. Try again!")
        break

print(f"\n=== Final Score ===")
print(f"{win_count}W {lose_count}L {draw_count}D")